J114 Mitacintī Jātaka

《三条鱼》

本生114经：中思鱼本生
两条愚蠢的鱼被网捕住，第三条智慧的鱼如何营救他们。

绘图/ 梅淑晶
排版/自在居友、王宗使
英复述/ 郑子祥
中译/ 刘婉郡
审稿/ 陈语

The Three Fish

Jātaka 114 Mitacintī Jātaka
Two fish are caught in a net because of their foolishness; learn how the third and wiser fish rescues them.

Illustrated by Boey Soo Yin
Designed by Ong Chong Sai
Retold by Tay Zi Xiang
Proofread by Chan Zhi Hong


第一个月
佛陀在祇陀林（Jetavana）时，讲述了两位年老的比丘的故事。
两位年老的比丘住在森林中，度过雨安居后，他们计划去拜见佛陀。
他们托钵并为这趟行程凑足了必需品。但因为懒惰，他们并没有出发。
我们下个月再动身出发吧！
就这样第一个月过去了。
First Month
While at Jetavana, the Buddha told this story about two elder bhikkhus.
After their vassa-retreat in the forest, the two elder bhikkhus made plans to go visit the Buddha.
They got all the supplies they would need to make the trip, but they were lazy. They didn’t go.
“We will go next month!”
The first month went by.

第二个月
他们获得新鲜的必需品，但两位比丘依然不启程。
“我们有食物和必需品，下个月再动身出发吧！”
就这样第二个月过去了。
Second Month
They got fresh supplies and requisites, but the two bhikkhus still didn't go.
"We already have food and supplies; we will go next month!"
The second month went by.

第三个月
“我们下个月再动身出发吧！”
就这样三个月过去了。
Third Month
“We will go next month!”
The third month went by.

“快，快，我们必须走了。”
懈惰和虚度三个月时日后，他们终于启程到达了祇陀林。
“Quick, quick, we must go.”
After being lazy and slow for three months, the bhikkhus finally embarked on their journey and arrived at Jetavana.

安顿好他们的钵和袈裟后，其他众比丘们开始询问他们，他们才讲述了缘由。
“朋友啊，你们两位已好久不来见导师了，怎么不早点呢？”
After putting aside their bowls and robes, the other bhikkhus started to question what took them so long to come back. So, they told them what happened.
“Friends, it has been a long time since you last visited the Teacher. Why didn’t you come sooner?”

接着，他们前往拜见佛陀。
“你们懒惰，是真的吗？”
“尊者，是真的。”
Then, they went to see the Buddha.
“Is it true that you were so lazy?”
“Bhante, it is true.”

“比丘们！在过去生，这两位比丘也曾懒惰。他们不愿离开危险之地而险些丧命。”
然后，佛陀就讲起过去之事来。
“Bhikkhus, in previous lives, these two bhikkhus were also lazy. They didn’t want to leave a dangerous place and almost died as a result.”
Then, the Buddha told this story from the past.

——————————

在很久以前，有三条鱼住在恒河。
它们名叫：多思(Bahucintī)、中思(Mitacintī)和少思(Appacintī)。
Once upon a time, three fish were living in the Ganges River.
Their names were: Over-thoughtful (Bahucintī), Thoughtful (Mitacintī), and Thoughtless (Appacintī).

一天，它们从森林游到了波罗奈城市附近。
One day, they swam away from the jungle and arrived near the great city of Bārāṇasī.

第一个月
中思对其他两条鱼说：“这地方很危险。渔夫投各种网和鱼笼来捕鱼。我们还是回到森林里去。”
“我们明天才走吧！”
但另外两条鱼既懒惰又贪心，它们没有离开。
就这样第一个月过去了。
First Month
Thoughtful said to the other two, “This is a dangerous place. The fishermen cast many nets and traps to catch fish here. Let’s go back to the jungle.”
“We will go tomorrow.”
But the other two fish were lazy and greedy; they didn’t leave.
The first month went by.

第二个月
“这些人会抓住我们的，我们走吧！”
“我们明天才走吧！”
就这样第二个月过去了。
Second Month
“There are people who will catch us, let’s go!”
“We will go tomorrow.”
The second month went by.

第三个月
“这些人会抓住我们的，我们走吧！”
“我们明天才回去吧！”
三个月过去了，它们还未离开。
Third Month
“There are people who will catch us, let’s go!”
“We will go tomorrow.”
Three months passed, but they still didn’t leave.

一天，多思和少思正在寻觅食物。
它们没有看见渔夫投在水中的网。
“我好饿！”
“我们去找点食物吧！”
One day, Over-thoughtful and Thoughtless were looking for food.
They did not see the net that the fisherman had put into the water.
I am hungry!”
“Let’s look for food!”

它们游入网内，被困住了!
中思游在他们身后，看见了渔网，没有被抓住。
“救命！救命啊！”“救命！救命！救命啊！”
“我要救它们！”
They swam right into the net and were caught!
On the other hand, Thoughtful, who was swimming behind the two fish, saw the net and was not caught.
“Help! Help!” “Help! Help! Help!”
“I must help them!”

中思心想：“我必须拯救那两条懒惰又愚蠢的鱼的性命。”
中思游到网的一边溅起水花，然后再游到另一边重复搅混着水。
它让渔夫看起来好像是鱼已破网逃离而去。
“I must save these lazy fools from death,” Thoughtful thought.
So, Thoughtful splashed water on one side of the net, and then swam to the other side and splashed water again.
He made it look like the fish had broken through the net and escaped.

当渔夫看到这情形，他松开鱼网开始拉网，两条鱼趁机游到了开阔的水域。
“不好了，这网破了，鱼逃走了！”
“快游！快游！”
“谢谢！” “谢谢！太谢谢你了！”
它们被中思救了出来！
When the fisherman saw this, he loosened the net and pulled it in, and the two fish swam away into the open water.
“Oh no! The net is broken; the fish have escaped.”
“Swim! Swim!”
“Thank you!” “Thank you! Thank you!”
They had been saved by Thoughtful!

——————————  

佛陀讲完故事后，说：“在那个时候，你们是多思与少思，而中思正是我。”
The Buddha ended the story and said, “At that time, you two were Over-thoughtful and Thoughtless, and I myself was Thoughtful.”

“尊者，从此刻开始，我们会改掉过去的陋习。”
“Bhante, from now on, we shall get rid of bad habits from the past.”

接着，佛陀解释四圣谛。
两位年老的比丘即证得入流果（Sotāpanna）。
The Buddha then explained the Four Noble Truths.
Eventually, both elder bhikkhus went on to become stream-enterers (Sotāpanna).

 
——————————

词汇表

比丘（Bhikkhu）：佛教僧人，依法（经、论）和律而活的出家人。

四圣谛（Four Noble Truths）：苦圣谛、苦集圣谛（苦的原因）、苦灭圣谛（苦的息灭）及导向苦灭的道圣谛（导致苦灭的修行）。

必需品：或称为资具，即袈裟、饮食、住所和药品等资具。

入流果（初果，须陀洹，Sotāpanna）：证悟涅槃四个阶段的第一阶段。证得入流者不会再投生恶道，只会投生为人或更高的界（即天界或梵天界）。有四个证悟涅槃的阶段：一、入流果（须陀洹）；二、一还果（斯陀含）；三、不还果（阿那含）；四、阿罗汉果。

雨安居：即是僧众在每年雨季期间，履行为期三个月的密集禅修，同时安住在一个道场或地方，不外出行脚、云游。

Glossary

Bhikkhu: A Buddhist monk; one who ordains and lives according to Dhamma (Sutta, Abhidhamma) and Vinaya.

Four Noble Truths: The Noble Truth of suffering, the Noble Truth of the origin of suffering, the Noble Truth of the cessation of suffering, and the Noble Truth of the way leading to the cessation of suffering.

Requisites: The four requisites are robes, alms-food, lodging, and medicine.

Stream-enterer (Sotāpanna): The first stage of the 4 stages of the realisation of liberation (Nibbāna). Stream-enterers will no longer be reborn into the woeful realms and instead only into human or higher realms. The four stages of realisation: stream-enterer (Sotāpanna), once-returner (Sakadāgāmī), non-returner (Anāgāmī) and Arahat.

Vassa-retreat: Also known as rains-retreat; vassa-retreat is the three-month intensive meditation held during the rainy season each year. The Buddhist monks in retreat live in a monastery or a place without travelling.

 
——————————

教师指南

（A）一些引导学生省思的问题：

1. 想象一下，如果“多思”看到它的其他两个朋友处于危险中，它会如何思考和作出反应？

2. 想象一下，如果“少思”看到它的其他两个朋友处于危险中，它会如何思考和作出反应？

3. 在十波罗蜜中，菩萨（中思鱼）在故事中培养了哪种波罗蜜？请从下面选择并提供原因。

例子，忍辱。原因：在多次劝说他两个朋友返回自己的故乡，直到他们陷入困境，菩萨都没有因此而生气。

十波罗蜜是：

 ⃣ dāna: 布施
 ⃣ sīla: 持戒
 ⃣ nekkhamma: 出离
 ⃣ paññā: 智慧
 ⃣ vīriya: 精进
 ⃣ khantī: 忍辱
 ⃣ sacca: 真实
 ⃣ adhiṭṭhāna: 决意
 ⃣ mettā: 慈
 ⃣ upekkhā: 舍 

4. 您是否有类似“多思”和“少思”的习惯——懒惰行动、回应和反应迟钝？
(a) 请分享。
(b) 你认为你怎样克服这种习惯？

(B) 朗读《明日歌》:

明日复明日
明日何其多
日日待明日
万事成蹉跎

(C) 课程提示：

在这三条鱼的故事中，佛陀解释了懒惰和不知道何时离开危险场所的危险。

我们可以看到两条不明智的鱼，分别被称为“少思”和“多思”。这些名字有什么不好？“少思”意味着我们缺乏思考，不用智慧来考虑情况。“多思”意味着我们考虑太多，而无法看到重点。由于这两条鱼懒惰又没有运用智慧，所以他们看不到自己身在危险中。但是，我们的菩萨拥有足够的智慧和思考能力看到重要的迹象，注意到危险并营救他的朋友。

Teacher’s Guide

Some questions to guide students for reflection:

1. Imagine, if it was Over-thoughtful that saw both of his friends in danger, how would he have thought and reacted?

2. Imagine, if it was Thoughtless that saw both of his friends in danger, how would he have thought and reacted?

3. Among the 10 Parami (10 Perfections), which kind of Parami(s) did the Bodhisatta (Thoughtful) cultivate in the story? Please select from below and explain your thinking.

For example, Forbearance. Reason: The Bodhisatta didn’t get angry with his friends, even after he had tried multiple times to persuade them to return to their original home. He didn’t even get mad when they eventually got themselves into trouble because they didn’t return.

The 10 Perfections are:

 ⃣ dāna: generosity
 ⃣ sīla: morality
 ⃣ nekkhamma: renunciation
 ⃣ paññā: wisdom
 ⃣ vīriya: effort
 ⃣ khantī: forbearance
 ⃣ sacca: truthfulness
 ⃣ adhiṭṭhāna: determination
 ⃣ mettā: loving-kindness
 ⃣ upekkhā: equanimity

4. Are there any situations in which you resemble habits of Over-thoughtful and Thoughtless? Did you become lazy to move, act, and respond?
(a) Please share.
(b) How can you overcome this habit?

Lesson:

In this story of the three fish, the Buddha explained the dangers of being lazy and not knowing when to leave a dangerous place.

We can see the two unwise fish were named Thoughtless and Over-thoughtful. What is bad about these names? Being thoughtless means that we are careless and don’t use our wisdom to evaluate a situation. Being over-thoughtful means, we think too much and will not be able to see important details. Because these two fish were lazy and did not have wisdom, they could not see the danger they were in. But our Bodhisatta, who had just the right amount of thoughtfulness to see the important signs, could notice the danger and rescue his friends.

——————————

省思 Reflection

切勿拖延当日可完成的事情，
因为懒惰和贪婪而耽误原本
该做的事会酿成大祸。

Do not put off what you can do today.
Delaying because of laziness and greed leads to disaster.